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| {{Short description|Anglican doctrinal statement}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
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| {{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
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| {{Anglicanism}}
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| The '''Thirty-nine Articles of Religion''' (commonly abbreviated as the '''Thirty-nine Articles''' or the '''XXXIX Articles'''), finalised in 1571, are the historically defining statements of doctrines and practices of the [[Church of England]] with respect to the controversies of the [[English Reformation]]. The Thirty-nine Articles form part of the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' used by the Church of England, and feature in parts of the worldwide [[Anglican Communion]] (including the [[Episcopal Church (United_States)|Episcopal Church]]), as well as by denominations outside of the Anglican Communion that identify with the Anglican tradition (see [[Continuing Anglican movement]]). | | The '''Thirty-nine Articles of Religion''' (commonly abbreviated as the '''Thirty-nine Articles''' or the '''XXXIX Articles'''), finalised in 1571, are the historically defining statements of doctrines and practices of the [[Church of England]] with respect to the controversies of the [[English Reformation]]. The Thirty-nine Articles form part of the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' used by the Church of England, and feature in parts of the worldwide [[Anglican Communion]] (including the [[Episcopal Church (United_States)|Episcopal Church]]), as well as by denominations outside of the Anglican Communion that identify with the Anglican tradition (see [[Continuing Anglican movement]]). |
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| This divergence of opinion became overt during the [[Oxford Movement]] of the 19th century. The stipulations of Articles XXV and XXVIII were regularly invoked by evangelicals to oppose the reintroduction of certain beliefs, customs, and acts of piety with respect to the sacraments. In response, [[John Henry Newman]]'s [[Tract 90]] attempted to show that the 39 Articles could be read according to an [[Anglo-Catholic]] interpretation.{{sfn|Newman|1841|p=}} | | This divergence of opinion became overt during the [[Oxford Movement]] of the 19th century. The stipulations of Articles XXV and XXVIII were regularly invoked by evangelicals to oppose the reintroduction of certain beliefs, customs, and acts of piety with respect to the sacraments. In response, [[John Henry Newman]]'s [[Tract 90]] attempted to show that the 39 Articles could be read according to an [[Anglo-Catholic]] interpretation.{{sfn|Newman|1841|p=}} |
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| ==Notes==
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| {{notelist}}
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| == References ==
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| ;Citations
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ;Sources
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| {{refbegin|indent=yes}}
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| * {{cite book | year =1993 | editor-last = Ayris | editor-first = Paul | editor2-last =Selwyn | editor2-first = David | title =Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar | place = Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK | publisher =[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]] | isbn =0-85115-549-9 }}
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| * {{cite book | last = Blunt | first = John Henry | title = The Reformation of the Church of England: Its History, Principles and Results | publisher = Rivingtons | volume = Part 1 AD 1514–1547 | edition = 4th | year = 1878 | location = London, Oxford, and Cambridge | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=M9UwAQAAMAAJ }}
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| * {{cite book |last=Bramhall|first=John |title=The Works of Archbishop Bramhall |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O10PAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA355|volume=2|year=1842|publisher=J.H. Parker|location=Oxford|chapter=Schism Guarded}}
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| * {{cite book|last=Bray|first=Gerald Lewis |title=Documents of the English Reformation 1526-1701 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UGi6WWtzkJYC&pg=PA284|year=2004|publisher=James Clarke & Co. |isbn=978-0-227-17239-1}}
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| * {{cite book |last=Brown|first=Stephen F. |title=Protestantism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lplJPBYWefcC&pg=PA77|year=2009|publisher=Chelsea House|location=New York|isbn=978-1-60413-112-3}}
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| * {{cite book |editor-last1=Sykes|editor-first1=Stephen |editor-last2=Booty|editor-first2=John E. |title=The Study of Anglicanism |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3XUtAAAAMAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=SPCK/Fortress Press |location=London|isbn=978-0-8006-2087-5 |author-link=Henry Chadwick (theologian)|first=Henry |last=Chadwick|chapter=Tradition, Fathers, and Councils}}
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| *{{cite book |last=Chapman |first=Mark |title=Anglicanism: A Very Short Introduction |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RLEL9Xxy9E8C |year=2006 |publisher=OUP |location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-157819-9}}
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| * {{cite book |editor1-first=Frank Leslie |editor1-last=Cross|editor2-first= Elizabeth A. |editor2-last=Livingstone|title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |url = https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late|url-access=registration|edition=3rd|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-211655-0 }}
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| * {{cite book | last = d'Aubigné | first = J. H. Merle | author-link = Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné | title = The Reformation in England |volume= 2 Book 3 | publisher = [[Banner of Truth Trust]] | year = 1972 |location = Edinburgh | isbn = 978-0-85151-487-1 }}
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| * {{cite book | last = Davie | first = Martin | title = Our Inheritance of Faith: A Commentary on the Thirty Nine Articles | publisher = Gilead Books Publishing | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-0956856074}}
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| * {{cite book |last=Guy |first=John |title=Tudor England |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8JhrQgAACAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=OUP |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-285213-7}}
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| * {{cite book |last = Haigh | first = Christopher | title = English Reformations: Religion, Politics, and Society Under the Tudors | publisher = Clarendon Press | year= 1993 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zFmS2ng9z7wC | isbn = 0198221622 }}
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| * {{cite book|last=Heal|first=Felicity|author-link=Felicity Heal|title=Reformation in Britain and Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SRANUBTt3AC&pg=PA362|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-928015-5}}
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| * {{cite book | last = MacCulloch | first = Diarmaid | author-link = Diarmaid MacCulloch | title = Thomas Cranmer: A Life | publisher = [[Yale University Press]] | year = 1996 | location = London | isbn = 0-300-06688-0 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc }}.
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| * {{cite book |via=Church of England |editor-first=Diarmaid |editor-last=MacCulloch |title=The Book of Common Prayer: 1662 Version (includes Appendices from the 1549 Version and Other Commemorations) |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BHRnQgAACAAJ |series=Issue 241 of Everyman's library |year=1999 |publisher=David Campbell Publishers|isbn=978-1-85715-241-8}}
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| * {{cite book |author-link = J. D. Mackie|last=Mackie|first= J. D.|title=The Earlier Tudors, 1485–1558|publisher= Oxford Paperbacks |year = 1994 |isbn=0-19-285292-2}}
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| * {{cite book |last = Marshall |first = Peter | title = Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation | publisher = Yale University Press |year= 2017 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=M7S_DgAAQBAJ |isbn = 978-0300170627 }}
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| * {{cite book | last = Marshall | first = Peter | chapter = Settlement Patterns: The Church of England, 1553–1603 | year = 2017b | title = The Oxford History of Anglicanism | volume = 1: Reformation and Identity, c. 1520–1662 | editor-last = Milton | editor-first = Anthony | pages = 45–62 | publisher = Oxford University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1WfODQAAQBAJ | isbn= 9780199639731 }}
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| * {{cite CE1913 |wstitle = Anglicanism |first=James |last=Moyes |year = 1913 }}
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| * {{cite book |last=Newman |first=John Henry |author-link=John Henry Newman |title=Remarks on Certain Passages in the Thirty-nine Articles |url = https://archive.org/details/a623832400newmuoft |page = [https://archive.org/details/a623832400newmuoft/page/n6 1] |series=Tract No 90 of Tracts for the Times |year=1841 |publisher=J.G.F. & J. Rivington}}
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| * {{cite book|last=O'Donovan |first=Oliver |author-link=Oliver O'Donovan |title=On the Thirty Nine Articles: A Conversation with Tudor Christianity |publisher=SCM Press |edition = 2nd |year=2011 |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WOmDwAAQBAJ |isbn=9780334047810}}
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| * {{cite journal |first=Chris |last=Pierce |url = http://archive.churchsociety.org/crossway/documents/Cway_089_Pierce1.pdf |title = A Look across the Pond - A brief analysis of the status of the evangelical Anglicanism in the US and Canada |journal=Cross†way |year=2003 |issue=89 }}
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| * {{cite book |last=Ridley |first=Jasper |author-link=Jasper Ridley (historian) |title=Thomas Cranmer |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=WiodIjEXpjwC |keywords=importance of auricular confession}} |year=2013 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |isbn=978-1-4472-4128-7 |orig-year=1962 |oclc=398369 }}
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| *{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=William Gilbert |last2=Templeton |first2 = J. H. |title=Anglican Teaching: An Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=N6a9GAAACAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=[[Association for Promoting Christian Knowledge]] |location=Dublin }}
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| * {{cite encyclopedia |title = Wittenberg Articles |encyclopedia = Christian Cyclopedia |publisher = Concordia Publishing House |year = 2000 |access-date = 3 August 2018 |url = http://cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=w&word=WITTENBERGARTICLES |ref= {{harvid|"Wittenberg Articles"}} }}
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| {{refend}}
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| ;Further reading
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| {{refbegin}}
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| * {{cite book|last=Bicknell|first=Edward John|title=A theological introduction to the Thirty-nine articles of the Church of England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GU-gAAAAMAAJ|year=1919|publisher=Longmans|location=London}}
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| * {{cite book|last=Boultbee|first=Thomas Pownall|title=A Commentary on the Thirty-nine Articles: Forming an Introduction to the Theology of the Church of England|url=https://archive.org/details/acommentaryonth00boulgoog|year=1877|publisher=Longmans}}
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| * {{cite book|last=Denison|first=Edward|author-link=Edward Denison (bishop)|date=1835|title=A Review of the State of the Question respecting the Admission of Dissenters to the Universities|location=London|publisher=John Cochran|title-link=s:A Review of the State of the Question respecting the Admission of Dissenters to the Universities}}
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| * {{cite book|last=Douglas|first=Brian|title=A Companion to Anglican Eucharistic Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jW2uOx2kHrYC&pg=PA234|volume=1: The Reformation to the 19th Century|year=2011|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-21930-4|pages=234–246}}
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| * {{cite book|last=Gibson|first=Edgar Charles Sumner|title=The Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England Explained...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwNKAAAAMAAJ|year=1908|publisher=Methuen & Company}}
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| * {{cite book|last=Kirby|first=Torrance|chapter=The Articles of Religion of the Church of England (1563/71), commonly called the Thirty-Nine Articles.|editor1-first=Andreas|editor1-last=Mühling|editor2-first=Peter|editor2-last=Opitz|title=Reformierte Bekenntnisschriften|volume=Band 2/1, 1559-1563|pages=371–410|location=Neukirchen-Vluyn|publisher=Neukirchener Verlag|date=2009}}
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| * {{cite journal|last1=Redworth|first1=Glyn|title=A Study in the Formulation of Policy: The Genesis and Evolution of the Act of Six Articles|journal=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History|volume=37|issue=1|year=2011|pages=42–67|issn=0022-0469|doi=10.1017/S0022046900031900|s2cid=162584862 }}
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| {{refend}}
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| ==External links== | | ==External links== |
| {{Wikisource-multi|Book of Common Prayer (1863)/Articles of Religion|t1=Thirty-nine Articles of Religion|Book of Common Prayer (ECUSA)/Historical Documents of the Church/Articles of Religion|t2=Articles of Religion of the Episcopal Church}}
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| * [https://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/tenarticles.htm The Ten Articles of 1536] | | * [https://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/tenarticles.htm The Ten Articles of 1536] |
| * [http://www.theologian.org.uk/church/39articles.html Audio version of the 39 Articles in MP3 format] | | * [http://www.theologian.org.uk/church/39articles.html Audio version of the 39 Articles in MP3 format] |
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| * [https://anglicansonline.org/basics/thirty-nine_articles.html Revised 1801 version] adopted by the US Episcopal Church | | * [https://anglicansonline.org/basics/thirty-nine_articles.html Revised 1801 version] adopted by the US Episcopal Church |
| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024070704/http://www.tlogical.net/irish.htm Irish Articles of 1615] | | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024070704/http://www.tlogical.net/irish.htm Irish Articles of 1615] |
| * {{Librivox book |stitle=The Reformation Collection Volume 2 |dtitle=The Ten Articles and The Six Articles}}
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| {{Reformed confessions}}
| | == References == |
| {{Intermediates between Catholicism and Protestantism}}
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| [[Category:16th-century Christian texts]] | | [[Category:16th-century Christian texts]] |