Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.
In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.
Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
Notable precursors
Throughout the Middle Ages, according to Edmund Hamer Broadbent, there were a number of Christian movements that sought a return to what they perceived as the purity of the Apostolic church and whose teachings foreshadowed Protestant ideas.[1]
- Claudius of Turin[2]
- Gottschalk of Orbais[3][4][5]
- Berengar of Tours[6][7][8]
- Peter Waldo[9]
- Lorenzo Valla[10]
- Wessel Gansfort[11]
- Girolamo Savonarola[12]
- Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples[13]
- John Wycliffe[14]
- Jan Hus[15]
Magisterial Reformers
There were a number of key reformers within the Magisterial Reformation, including:
Lutheran
- Martin Luther
- Philipp Melanchthon
- Justus Jonas
- Martin Chemnitz
- Georg Spalatin
- Joachim Westphal
- Andreas Osiander
- Johannes Brenz
- Johannes Bugenhagen
- Andreas Karlstadt, later a Radical Reformer
- Hans Tausen
- Mikael Agricola
- Primož Trubar
- Jiří Třanovský
Reformed
- Huldrych Zwingli
- Martin Bucer
- John Calvin
- Heinrich Bullinger
- Theodore Beza
- William Farel
- John Knox
- Wolfgang Capito
- Johannes Oecolampadius
- Peter Martyr Vermigli
- Leo Jud
Anglican
Arminian
Radical Reformers
Important reformers of the Radical Reformation included:
Anabaptist
Schwenkfelder
Unitarians
Second Front Reformers
There were also a number of people who initially cooperated with the Radical Reformers, but separated from them to form a "Second Front", principally in objection to sacralism. Among these were:
Anabaptists
Counter-Reformers
Catholics who actively opposed the Reformation and partook in the Counter-Reformation include:
- Girolamo Aleandro
- Augustine Alveld
- Thomas Cajetan
- Johann Cochlaeus
- Johann Eck
- Jerome Emser
- Pope Leo X
- John Tetzel
- Thomas More
- Ignatius of Loyola
- Francis de Sales
- Pope Paul III
- Pope Pius V
- Charles Borromeo
- Francis Xavier
- Peter Faber
- Diego Laynez
See also
- List of Protestant Reformers (alphabetical)
Further reading
- George, Timothy. Theology of the Reformers. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman Press, 1988. Template:Isbn. N.B.: Comparative studies of the various leaders of the Magisterial and Radical movements of the 16th century Protestant Reformation.
References
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