R. C. Sproul

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R. C. Sproul
Birth Name Robert Charles Sproul
Birth Date February 13, 1939
Birth Place Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Death Date December 14, 2017 (aged 68)
Death Place Altamonte Springs, Florida
Occupation Professor, author, pastor
Spouse Vesta Sproul (June 11, 1960

| children = 2, including R. C. Sproul Jr. | theology = Reformed (Presbyterianism) }}

Robert Charles Sproul (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; February 13, 1939 – December 14, 2017) was an American Reformed theologian, Christian apologist, and ordained pastor in the Presbyterian Church in America. He was the founder and chairman of Ligonier Ministries,Template:Efn and could be heard daily on the Renewing Your Mind radio broadcast in the United States and internationally. Under Sproul's direction, Ligonier Ministries produced the Ligonier Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, which would eventually grow into the 1978 Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy. Along with Norman Geisler, Sproul was one of the chief architects of the statement.[1][2] Sproul has been described as "the greatest and most influential proponent of the recovery of Reformed theology in the last century."[3][4][5]

Education and personal life

Sproul was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as the second child of Robert Cecil Sproul, an accountant and a veteran of World War II and his wife, Mayre Ann Sproul (née Yardis).[6][7] Sproul was an avid supporter of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Pittsburgh Pirates as a youth, and at the age of 15, he had to drop out from high school athletics in order to support his family.[7] He obtained degrees from Westminster College, Pennsylvania (BA, 1961), Pittsburgh Theological Seminary (MDiv, 1964), the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Drs., 1969), and Whitefield Theological Seminary (PhD, 2001). He taught at numerous colleges and seminaries, including Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando and in Jackson, Mississippi, and Knox Theological Seminary in Ft. Lauderdale.[8]

One of Sproul's mentors was John H. Gerstner, being one of his professors at Pittsburgh-Xenia Theological Seminary. The two of them, along with Arthur Lindsley, another of Gerstner's students, co-authored the book Classical Apologetics in 1984. Sproul's ministry, Ligonier Ministries, made recordings of Gerstner teaching various courses on theology and the Bible. John M. Frame records that Gerstner was Sproul's "main intellectual influence."[9]

Sproul recalls encountering theological opposition inside a liberal environmentTemplate:Efn during his early studies:

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Gerstner convinced Sproul to study under G. C. Berkouwer at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Free University of Amsterdam) in Holland, where he initiated study in 1964.[10] Sproul was granted leave in 1965 due to his wife's second pregnancy and mother's illness (during which he was appointed to teach philosophy at Westminster College), and later resumed study at distance. He returned to Holland in 1969 to receive a doctorandus degree.

He married Vesta Voorhis in 1960 and had two children, Sherrie Dorotiak and Robert Craig Sproul.[6]

Sproul was a passenger on the Amtrak train that derailed in the 1993 Big Bayou Canot train wreck, and sometimes gave firsthand accounts of the story.[11]

Career

Working alongside figures such as Bill Bright and Jim Boice, Sproul served as president of the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy (ICBI) from 1977 till 1979.[12]

Ligonier Ministries hosts several theological conferences each year, including the main conference in Orlando, FL, at which Sproul was one of the primary speakers.[13] Sproul served as co-pastor at Saint Andrew's Chapel, a congregation in Sanford, Florida.[8][14] He was ordained as an elder in the United Presbyterian Church in the USA in 1965, but left that denomination around 1975 and joined the Presbyterian Church in America. He was also a Council member of the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals. Being a staunch critic of the Catholic Church and Catholic theology, Sproul denounced the 1994 ecumenical document Evangelicals and Catholics Together.[15]

Sproul was an advocate of Calvinism in his many print, audio, and video publications, and advocated the Thomistic (classical) approaches to Christian apologetics, less common among Reformed apologists, most of whom prefer presuppositionalism.Template:Citation needed A dominant theme in his Renewing Your Mind lessons is the holiness and sovereignty of God. Sproul taught that headcovering should be practiced in churches as the ordinance is "rooted and grounded in creation".[16][17]

Sproul was a critic of postmodern philosophy. Having examined the effects of relativism on Western society, Sproul considered the 21st century to be "the most narcissistic generation in the history of the human race."[18]

In 1996, Sproul gave a lecture on irresistible grace, titled Divine Sovereignty and Man’s Helplessness. During a Q & A session, he misattributed to Jonathan Edwards an analogy regarding the "holy rape of the soul," claiming that "some people are violently offended by that language—I think it's the most graphic and descriptive term I can think of, to how I was redeemed," taking into consideration theological themes surrounding total depravity and being in a state of spiritual death prior to conversion.Template:Efn With regard to the terminology "rape", a key topic in debate between Arminian and Reformed theologians is the hermeneutic employed to understand the meaning and strength of the verb "draws" (Greek helkysē) in John 6:44, where Jesus states, "No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him. And I will raise him up on the last day."[19] Sproul first uses the analogy in his 1984 novel Johnny Come Home,Template:Efn where Scooter, the main character, designed to be a "composite of John Guest, Jim Boice, and [himself],"[20] converts to Christianity in "a docile submission to the holy rape of the soul."[21]Template:Efn Sproul also uses the analogy in his 1989 teaching series A Shattered Image,[22] where discussing the Pelagian controversy, Sproul states that "the only way you will ever choose Christ is if God melts your heart, if God softens that stone cold recalcitrant heart, if God the Holy Spirit rapes your soul and puts in you a desire for Christ."[23] By 2002, Sproul had abandoned the analogy for a revised perspective:

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In 2003, a Festschrift was published in his honor. After Darkness, Light: Essays in Honor of R. C. Sproul (Template:ISBN) included contributions from Robert Godfrey, Sinclair Ferguson, O. Palmer Robertson, Michael Horton, Douglas Wilson, John F. MacArthur, and Jay E. Adams.

At the 2008 Together for the Gospel biennial conference, Sproul gave a sermon titled The Curse Motif of the Atonement.[24] The sermon details the theological significance of the crucifixion of Jesus from an expository perspective. The sermon contains some content originally presented in his 1995 teaching series The Atonement of Jesus. Tim Challies, who attended the conference, recounts that "there is no doubt this was one of the most earnest, one of the most solemn sermons ever heard by that audience. I was there that day, I can tell you, there was a holy hush over that room as we were all forced to consider the sheer horror of what Jesus Christ endured on our behalf."[25] Kevin DeYoung praised it as "one of the best sermons I’ve ever heard."[26]

Health and death

On April 18, 2015, Sproul suffered a stroke and was admitted to a hospital.[27] Five days later, on April 23, Sproul went home from the hospital, suffering no ill effects. He was, however, diagnosed with a diabetic condition "that [would] be addressed through diet and regular medical attention."[27]

Sproul had long suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,Template:Citation needed and was hospitalized on December 2, 2017, because of difficulty breathing, the result of an apparent infection, an “exacerbation of his emphysema due to the flu” (“not pneumonia”).[28]Template:Better source needed After a twelve-day period of intermittent fever, and sedation and ventilator-assisted breathing, with effort given to restore his respiratory function, Sproul died on December 14, 2017 (at age 78).[28][29][30]

Publications

Some of Sproul's best-known books are The Holiness of God, Essential Truths of the Christian Faith, and What Is Reformed Theology? He is also well known for Chosen by God, a book about predestination and the sovereignty of God.[31] Through Ligonier Ministries and the Renewing Your Mind radio program and conferences, Sproul generated numerous audio and video lectures on the subjects of history of philosophy, theology, Bible study, apologetics, intelligent design, and Christian living. In addition, Sproul wrote more than 100 books and many articles for evangelical publications.[32] He signed the 1978 Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, which affirmed the traditional view of Biblical inerrancy, and he wrote a commentary on that document titled Explaining Inerrancy. He also served as the general editor[33] of the Reformation Study Bible (Template:ISBN), which has appeared in several editions and was also known as the New Geneva Study Bible. In addition, Sproul was executive editor of Tabletalk magazine.[34]

Published books

  • Moses and the Burning Bush (2018) Template:ISBN
  • The Legacy of Luther (2016) with Stephen J. Nichols and others Template:ISBN
  • The Knight's Map (2016) Template:ISBN
  • Everyone's a Theologian: An Introduction to Systematic Theology (2014) Template:ISBN
  • The Promises of God (2013) Template:ISBN
  • God's Love: How the Infinite God Cares for His Children (2012) Template:ISBN
  • Are We Together: A Protestant Analyzes Roman Catholicism (2012) Template:ISBN
  • The Work of Christ: What the Events of Jesus Life Mean for You (2012) Template:ISBN
  • The Donkey Who Carried a King (2012) Template:ISBN
  • The Barber Who Wanted to Pray (2011) Template:ISBN
  • Unseen Realities: Heaven, Hell, Angels, and Demons (2011) Template:ISBN
  • The Prayer of the Lord (2009) Template:ISBN
  • The Prince's Poison Cup (2008) Template:ISBN
  • The Truth of the Cross (2007) Template:ISBN
  • Truths We Confess: A Layman's Guide to the Westminster Confession of Faith Volume 3: The State, The Family, The Church, and Last Things (2007) Template:ISBN
  • Truths We Confess: A Layman's Guide to the Westminster Confession of Faith Volume 2: Salvation and the Christian Life (2007) Template:ISBN
  • Truths We Confess: A Layman's Guide to the Westminster Confession of Faith Volume 1: The Triune God (2006) Template:ISBN
  • The Lightlings (2006) Template:ISBN
  • How Then Shall We Worship? (2006 as A Taste of Heaven; revised 2006) Template:ISBN
  • Running the Race: A Graduate's Guide to Life (2003) Template:ISBN
  • Defending Your Faith (2003) Template:ISBN
  • The Dark Side of Islam (2003) with Abdul Saleeb Template:ISBN
  • Five Things Every Christian Needs to Grow (2002) Template:ISBN
  • Saved from What? (2002) Template:ISBN
  • When Worlds Collide: Where is God? (2002) Template:ISBN
  • What's in the Bible? (2001) Template:ISBN
  • Loved By God (2001) Template:ISBN
  • The Consequences of Ideas (2000) Template:ISBN
  • In the Presence of God (1999) Template:ISBN
  • Getting the Gospel Right: The Tie That Binds Evangelicals Together (1999) Template:ISBN
  • A Walk with God: Luke (1999) Template:ISBN
  • The Last Days According to Jesus (1998) Template:ISBN
  • What is Reformed Theology (1997 as Grace Unknown; revised 2005) Template:ISBN
  • Willing to Believe: Understanding the Role of Human Will in Salvation (1997) Template:ISBN
  • The Priest with Dirty Clothes (1997; revised 2011) Template:ISBN
  • Now, That's a Good Question! (1996) Template:ISBN
  • The Invisible Hand (1996, revised 2003) Template:ISBN
  • Choosing My Religion (1996) Template:ISBN
  • Ultimate Issues (1996) Template:ISBN
  • Before the Face of God Volume 4: A Daily Guide for Living from Ephesians, Hebrews, and James (1996) Template:ISBN
  • Reformation Study Bible (1995 as New Geneva Study Bible; revised 1998, 2005, 2015) served as General Editor Template:ISBN
  • The Unexpected Jesus (1995 as The Mighty Christ; revised 2005) Template:ISBN
  • Faith Alone (1995; revised 2016) Template:ISBN
  • The Purpose of God: An Exposition of Ephesians (1994; revised 2006) Template:ISBN
  • Not a Chance: God, Science, and the Revolt against Reason (1994; revised 2014) with Keith Mathison Template:ISBN
  • Before the Face of God Volume 3: A Daily Guide for Living from the Old Testament (1994) Template:ISBN
  • The Gospel of God: An Exposition of Romans (1994 revised 1999) Template:ISBN
  • Before the Face of God Volume 2: A Daily Guide for Living from the Gospel of Luke (1993) Template:ISBN
  • Doubt and Assurance (1993) Template:ISBN
  • The Soul's Quest for God: Satisfying the Hunger for Spiritual Communion With God (1993; revised 2003) Template:ISBN
  • Before the Face of God Volume 1: A Daily Guide for Living from the Book of Romans (1992) Template:ISBN
  • Essential Truths of Christian Faith (1992) Template:ISBN
  • Following Christ (1991) Template:ISBN combination of previously published booklets titled: Who Is Jesus? (1983), Ethics and the Christian (1983), God's Will and the Christian (1984), and Effective Prayer (1984).
  • The Mystery of the Holy Spirit (1990; revised 2009) Template:ISBN
  • Abortion--A Rational Look at an Emotional Issue (1990; revised 2010) Template:ISBN
  • The Glory of Christ (1990; revised 2003) Template:ISBN
  • Surprised by Suffering (1989; revised 2009) Template:ISBN
  • Pleasing God (1988; revised 2012) Template:ISBN
  • Discovering God Who Is (1987 as One Holy Passion; revised 1995 and 2003 as The Character of God and 2008 as Discovering God Who Is) Template:ISBN
  • Lifeviews: Make a Christian Impact on Culture and Society (1986) Template:ISBN
  • Chosen by God (1986) Template:ISBN
  • The Holiness of God (1985; revised 1998) Template:ISBN
  • Classical Apologetics (1984) with John Gerstner and Arthur Lindsley Template:ISBN
  • Johnny Come Home (1984) Template:ISBN
  • The Hunger for Significance (1983 as In Search of Dignity; revised 1991 and 2001) Template:ISBN
  • Stronger Than Steel: The Wayne Alderson Story (1980) Template:ISBN
  • Reason to Believe (1978 and 1982 as Objections Answered; revised 2016) Template:ISBN
  • Knowing Scripture (1978; revised 2016) Template:ISBN
  • Soli Deo Gloria (1976) General Editor
  • God's Inerrant Word: An International Symposium on the Trustworthiness of Scripture (1974) Contributor
  • The Intimate Marriage (1975 as Discovering the Intimate Marriage; revised 1986 and 2003) Template:ISBN
  • If There's a God, Why Are There Atheists? (1974 as The Psychology of Atheism; revised 1988, 1997, and 2018) Template:ISBN
  • What We Believe: Understanding and Confessing the Apostle's Creed (1973 as The Symbol: An Exposition of the Apostle's Creed; revised 1982 as Basic Training, 1998 as Renewing Your Mind, and 2015 as What We Believe) Template:ISBN

Crucial Questions series

St. Andrew's Expositional Commentary series

Notes

  • TBD

External links

References

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  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Template:Cite press release
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Template:Cite press release
  29. ↑ Template:Cite web
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  32. ↑ Template:Cite web
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  34. ↑ Template:Cite web
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