Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church is a religious institution that is led by the "Pope", who is the bishop of Rome, and is the chief pastor of the Roman church. The central location of church government for the Roman Catholic church is the Vatican City (Rome, Italy).
The Roman Catholic Church emerged from a sect of Christianity which considered the Bishopric of Rome to be supreme over all other Churches as it was the site of Peter the Apostle's martyrdom. It quickly became the most powerful religious institution in medieval Europe, bringing in many unbiblical doctrines and scams until it became totally corrupt.
It's unbiblical nature soon encompassed it's theological and political outlook as it sponsored crusades against non-Christians and pre-protestants alike and used the illiteracy of the general populace to extract unfair fees from it's territories.
Perceiving this great apostacy, Martin Luther instigated the Protestant Reformation which led to much of Europe breaking free from the grip of the Church of Rome.